What are natural rights and are they in any way applicable essays

What are natural rights and are they in any way applicable essays People in the western societies today are used to the idea of having rights and relying on them in their everyday life. Most of them would be aware of their rights and obligations. However, the picture would be very different in some eastern, African and Latin American societies. Still today there are governments who do not protect any rights of their citizens and allow or even initiate human rights abuse. However, thinking about why is there such a difference in the development of human rights between western societies and the rest of the world we could suggest that the reason for difference is economical or historical. However, maybe even more importantly is that the idea of natural rights has first emerged in Europe and then developed under the social pressure into the concept of the contemporary human rights. In my essay I am going to explain the whole concept of the natural rights, the creation and development of that concept. I will also present some critique of that concept. Then I will look at the possibilities of the idea of natural rights being the bases for the contemporary concept of human rights. The idea of natural law dates back to the ancient Greeks. However, today we are most likely to remember Hobbes and Locke as the inventors of the concept of natural rights, and in the 20th century the latter idea, in the form of human rights or moral rights, has more or less completely replaced it. Although both Hobbes and Locke refer to the same term of natural rights, in my understanding, they mean very different things under the same term. According to Hobbes natural rights mean the rights that a human being has in the state of nature: those rights are the right to self preservation by all means. However, Lockes understanding is closer to the contemporary concept of human rights whish are the rights for life and liberty given to a human being at the...

Processing & Packaging of a Specified Prepared Chilled Food Product Assignment

Processing & Packaging of a Specified Prepared Chilled Food Product - Assignment Example Such chain incorporates consumer refrigerators and retail displays. The chilled food must be microbiologically safe at the consumption point by controlling pathogens that lead to food-born disorders. The integrity of the entire food chain determines the quality and safety of chilled food including storage and preparation by the consumers. However, the diversity of raw material, conditions for processing and packaging system presents impossibility for designing the effective single framework for microbiological safety. Manufacturers have hard tasks to comply with legislation and safety requirements (International Commission on Microbiological Specifications for Foods. 2005). They must ensure raw material quality, temperature, acidity, water, modified temperature and hygienic processing. Such consideration collapse into designing sufficient control of microbiological growth. Thus, preventing food spoilage and development of conditions that facilitate the occurrence of food-borne diseas es. The manufacturer must, therefore, determine the effective choice and merger of such safety elements to hit an optimum shelf life for products. Further, the manufacturer establishes product usage conditions that ensure food safety for consumer utilization. The product that I will discuss in this essay is Pizza Dough. The dough is a lean, yeast-leavened bread-type dough. It is similar to the French bread and Middle Eastern flat breads. The Pizza crusts or shell fall under thin or thick crust. There may be a variation in the formulation of crust based on makeup equipment, desired eating properties, and thickness. However, the commercial and wholesale Pizza dough has a higher level of fats that help with the greater speed dough processing. The ingredients include flour, yeast, shortening or vegetable oil, salt, water and sugar. There are also a number of optional ingredients such as reducing agents, mold inhibitors, and

Comprehensive health history and Physical Essay

Comprehensive health history and Physical - Essay Example It was around six in the evening while he was driving from work when he noticed a change in his body. There was an abrupt pain onset of the pain to his right side which occurred for a small period of time about one to two minutes. He thought that he might have strained while driving and this might have resulted in the pain. The pain slowly moved from the parasternal area towards his neck. This was the first time he experienced such pain and describes his day as a normal day at the office with no strains. He felt tired at this time as the pain continued to radiate upwards. The pain subsided a little when he got home but he felt a discomfort that was accompanied by a shortness of breath. At this time, he was not nauseated or sweating. The pain seemed to disappear immediately he arrived home and rested. Two days ago the pain returned again and this time a little severe than the first episode and lasted close to five minutes. The pain seemed to emanate from the same place as the previous episode. He experienced this twice during the day in the morning and in the evening. In both instances he was not strained but simply walking around in the office. He went home and took a rest again and the pain seemed to disappear completely until today when the pain episode manifested. All this time he was contemplating of seeking medical attention but did not. He never used any pain relievers or any other drug that could ease the pain. The reason for this he says is that the pain seemed to last for a short period of time and would disappear itself or would end immediately he went to rest. This made him think that the pain was as a result of work. The patient says that he did not experience any other symptom apart from the shortness of breath during the pain episodes. There was no dizziness or palpitations. He also says that there was no other exertional dyspnea, orthopnea or paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea. Interestingly the pain did not alter during movements or during food intake . There was also no palpable pain. He has never been informed of having heart problems. He has never had a problem with his chest before and neither has he ever experienced chest pains in his life. He does not have claudication. However, Andrew was diagnosed with hypertension about 2 years ago. Andrew is not a smoker and has no symptoms of diabetes. He was only diagnosed with the hypertension 2 years ago which he is fully aware of and had a total abdominal hysterectomy and a BSO about a year ago. Andrew has not been on any hormone replacement therapy of late. He also says that their family has a history of premature CAD. He has been monitoring his cholesterol level for quite some time but at present he does not know. Past Medical, Surgical, and Social History Surgical- has no history of surgical operations Medical history Childhood: diagnosed with mumps at the age of 7. No measles, croup, pertussis, rheumatic fever, scarlet or polio. Accidents: Andrew had an accident while at the ag e of 12 while riding his bicycle. He developed a fracture. At the age of 25 he was involved in a car accident although he survived with bruises. Chronic illnesses: In 2010 he was diagnosed with hypertension and was on medication until last year when he stopped taking the medication due to the drowsy effect they were having on him. In 2008 he was diagnosed with peptic ulcer disease which was successfully treated after three months using cimetidine. Hospitalizations: He was hospitalized at the age of 12 after the accident where he

Was There a Blitz Spirit Essay Example for Free

Was There a Blitz Spirit Essay * During the Blitz, there was a lot of bombings and damage which caused upset to many people. However in England, to a large extent it is believed that there was a Blitz spirit. There were mottos such as ‘keep calm and carry on’ which told people not to worry about the Blitz and just continue with their normal lives. Blitz spirit, defined as whatever happens you’ll stick to something until the bitter end. However, to some extent people believed there was no such thing as a Blitz spirit, just something that was intended to keep people working. * * The blitz spirit was influential to many people in the UK during the Blitz. It made sure that people weren’t disheartened by the fact that they were bombed. It is believed that the Blitz spirit brought out the true colours of the British people and was a representation of endurance and defiance. Over the eight months of bombardment, people were exhausted from carrying gas masks, and feeling to shelters and underground stations, but overall no one really panicked and the spirit made people continue with their everyday lives. The Blitz spirit did exist and without it, people wouldn’t have lasted the 57 consecutive raids, and because of this they were few calls for surrender, high morale and committed workers. The Blitz spirit brought a sense of national unity to Britain and the increase in morale meant no one was scared of the German Luftwaffe. They also believed the cheap Anderson shelters plus the natural soil could protect them from the bombs. * * On the other hand, to a smaller extent there were some people that believed the raid of Britain was a difficult period which couldn’t be controlled. During the Blitz, it is said that there was a ‘Blitz spirit’ which brought high morale and continuation of work, but really there were strikes and a lot more anti-Semitism. People who were affected the worst by the Blitz were the working class population due to their positions of homes in relation to where they worked. They believed the government owed them because they were near factories, docks and in poorly built houses. The Germans targeting these areas because they knew these are the main places which would affect Britain the most. There were also some cruel people who took advantage of the situation in Britain. They thought they could gain through this crisis by exploiting this. â€Å"Bomb chasers† would track the location of bombings and then loot affected shops. Others charged people for the safety in the underground which was immoral. * In conclusion, although to some extent it could be argued that there wasn’t a Blitz spirit; there are more arguments for the statement. Due to the defiance and endurance of British people, it raised moral and helped people to fight through the 57 consecutive nights of raids. They kept of fighting and going to work. The motto ‘keep calm and carry on’ really defined the Blitz spirit and helped unify Britain. *

Stephen Coonts flight Of The Intruder: Summary Essay -- essays resea

Stephen Coonts' "Flight of the Intruder": Summary This week I read Flight of the Intruder by Stephen Coonts. I read from page 1 to page 437 for a total of 437 pages. The book is about an A-6A Intruder (a naval bomber) pilot named Jake Grafton. In the first few pages Jake's best friend and B/N (Bombardier/Navigator) is killed by a Vietnamese soldier's rifle. In this mission their target was a "suspected truck park." Jake goes into despondency (depression, despair) for a days and tries to convince his squadron leader that the targets are worthless, that thousand of Americans have died en route and returning from these. The leader replies that he is not in control of the targets, the Pentagon and Air Force is. Jake gathers information from maps and a friend in the navigation department to learn about a target he wants to go after: The Vietnam Communist Party Headquarters. The three figure that if they succeed, they'll have a good chance of hitting the leader of the party. Grafton and his bombardier, Virgil Cole miss the building completely and just hit a few bystanders and blow craters in the sidewalk. Just when the two are about to be court-martialed, President Nixon gives the orders of unauthorized bombings anywhere in North and South Vietnam. Grafton and Cole fly their next mission with a EA-6B for SAM (surface-to-air missiles) suppression. This plane only carried antiradiation missiles to destroy the SAMs and their radar. ...

Gender Differences Essay

In the excerpt from the book, Men Are from Mars, Women Are from Venus, author John Gray discusses the stark differences between men and women. He states that the personality traits between men and women are so dissimilar, that each sex might as well have originated from the planets, Mars and Venus, respectively. He explains that men value power and achievement, and they choose certain occupations and offer others solutions to their problems based on these values. Comparatively, women believe communication and relationships are more important, and they desire empathy when they interact with others. He details that these different character traits often cause confusion and communication barriers between men and women. Gray’s excerpt explains his unique definition of male and female personalities; however, it is a broad assumption to say that all men and women behave in a certain way solely based on their gender. The stereotypes that Gray specifically utilizes in his excerpt oversimplify the complex interactions between men and women instead of showing their differing emotional responses based on particular situations. The two emotional responses that Gray does not compare are stress and anger. The male and female reactions to these emotions offer the best example of the differences between the sexes. More often than not, men and women respond to stress in different ways. Women tend to externalize their feelings when they deal with stressful situations. They often confide in their significant other, friends, and family as an outlet for the stress in their life. Typically, once a woman has effectively deliberated and discussed her feelings and issues regarding stress, she often feels better about the stressful situation. In her book, You Just Don’t Understand, expert Deborah Tannen similarly explains that women use complaining as a way to feel close to others. She calls this way of conversing â€Å"troubles talk. † She says, â€Å"For women, talking about troubles is the essence of connection. I tell you my troubles, you tell me your troubles, and we’re close. † (61). A perfect example of this can be seen with my interactions with my close friend, Lindsey. She will frequently need to call me and vent about her relationship woes. She uses our conversations to help talk through her stressful situations and will ultimately feel better following our calls. I will tend to use conversations with my mother or sister to vent about my stress, as well. Conversely, men often internalize their emotional responses to stress. Men tend to reserve their emotions internally and use various non-stressful activities as distractions to occupy themselves, such as watching sports or playing video games. A prime example of the male response to stress can be seen when my boyfriend is stressed from work. When he comes home after a stressful day, he will play video games for hours to help relieve his stress. After playing these games, he will feel much better. When I recognize that he is stressed, I usually ask him if he would like to discuss his situations; he usually responds by saying that he is fine and he just needs some time alone. I have also noticed a similar response to stress in other men such as my coworkers, fellow students, and my brothers and father. This unique male response to stress demonstrates the difference from the female stress response. Another emotional situation in which men and women have a tendency to respond differently is anger. Although each person reacts to anger in their own way, men and women will generally react to anger in a different manner. Women, including myself, will often react to anger by isolating themselves from the initial anger trigger and think through their emotional response prior to any actions. Simply put, think first, and act later. For example, my mother’s response to anger follows the aforementioned format. Her initial response involves removing herself from the anger stimulus where she can better collect herself. After assessing the situation which generated my mother’s anger response, she will respond in a more conservative and appropriate manner. Conversely, men have a propensity to react to anger in a much different way. When in an emotional situation that causes anger, men are more inclined to violence and can be quick to react by demonstrating their anger in a more physical manner. They often act this way because they are trying to prove they are â€Å"manly† or â€Å"powerful†. Gray explains that, â€Å"[men] are always doing things to prove themselves and to develop their power and skills† (695). A great example of this common male response can be seen with my brother, Sam. When angered, Sam tends to react like most males when experiencing anger. His initial reaction to anger typically is demonstrated by a violent motion by hitting an object. This is usually followed by a more thoughtful and collected response after the initial outburst. These reactions to anger demonstrate the differing emotional responses between men and women which can be seen throughout society on a frequent basis. Despite the differing reactions to stress and anger mentioned above, men and women can also respond in a similar manner. Since no two individuals are the same, it is important to understand that the aforementioned examples are not the only reactions that men and women can portray. Stress and anger are natural human emotions that are experienced almost daily. It is also important to understand that human emotions and communication are much more complex than the examples that Gray provides. This complexity is due to unique personalities and differing interactive situations. No two responses even with the same individual will ever be the same. However, understanding the different ways men and women may communicate and react to certain emotions will provide a better understanding of the opposite sex. This understanding will help bridge the communication gap between men and women and improve our knowledge of the complexities of human emotion.

Human Aging And Cognition And Memory Storage - 869 Words

(A) SIGNIFICANCE: Despite the advances in our understanding of aging [1,2,3,4], the physiological and molecular correlates of aging-dependent alterations in specific neurons that underlie learning and memory storage are poorly understood. Such information is essential to delineate molecular underpinnings of aging-related changes to develop novel strategies for therapeutic intervention of the aging-associated specific deficits in learning and memory storage. Our proposed studies are highly significant to the studies on human aging and cognition in three major ways. (1) This proposal is highly relevant to human learning because of the focus on mechanisms of aging dependent changes in learning using a simple, but well characterized neural circuitry - the gill withdrawal reflex (GWR) of Aplysia. It is important to recognize that many concepts that are central to our overall understanding of learning and memory were established using Aplysia. For instance, the role of the cAMP signaling s ystem, or branch-specific storage of memories discovered in Aplysia has also been shown to be important in Drosophila and the mouse [5]. Therefore, it is expected that contributions of the proposed studies on aging will be conserved in mammals. (2) Because of two main reasons studying aging using defined synapses is critical for identifying specific cellular and molecular mechanisms of aging associated memory decline. First, studies using populations of neurons will dilute the specific changesShow MoreRelatedEssay on Does schema affect our memory?1326 Words   |  6 Pagesabilities are innate and that includes memory. Memory is tightly connected with learning, which then can be influenced the individuals behavior in the future. In terms of cognition, the psychologist focuses on the way we process information. 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